Written by Dr. Samriti Mahajan
Associate Professor & HoD,
School of Commerce & Management,
Lingaya’s Vidyapeeth, Faridabad, India
Email: samriti0204@gmail.com
Dr. Firdous Ahmad Malik
Assistant Professor of Economics,
University of People Pasadena,
California, United States.
E-mail: malikfirdouscrc@gmail.com
An Overview of Sustainability Obstacles, to promote environmentally favourable practices and economic growth, developed, developing, and emerging nations each face unique obstacles in their pursuit of sustainability as a matter of international importance. With the ongoing transformation of societies and industries brought about by technological advancements, the discourse surrounding sustainability has expanded to incorporate a more extensive range of factors. This article examines the sustainability environment in various country types, shedding light on the diverse strategies, achievements, and challenges encountered in the pursuit of sustainable development objectives in the face of swift technological progress.
Developed, developing, and emergent nations encounter distinct obstacles in their pursuit of sustainable practices and economic expansion Majerník, M. et.al; (2023). There are several challenges that impede the progress towards sustainable manufacturing and alternative energy sources Bambam, A. K., & Gajrani, K. K. (2023). These obstacles include complexities in recycling, material selection, and life cycle assessments. The discussion surrounding sustainability incorporates a wide range of elements, such as environmental consequences, economic feasibility, and societal implications. These factors are of the utmost importance in the pursuit of sustainable development objectives in the face of swift technological progress. Biswas, W.K. and John, M. (2022). Achieving sustainable development in African countries is met with scepticism on account of obstacles such as environmental degradation, destitution, and the exploitation of resources without adequate compensation or recognition. This all-encompassing synopsis underscores the varied approaches, accomplishments, and challenges faced by distinct countries as they strive to attain sustainable development goals amidst the dynamic technological environment.
Sustainability resembles the pinnacle of equilibrium, in which we endeavour to fulfil our current requirements while safeguarding the capacity of future generations to do the same. It is akin to putting off devouring the entire confection at this moment to save it for later. The Importance of Addressing Sustainability Issues You may be wondering why it is important to address sustainability. Visualise a planet devoid of potable water, fresh oxygen, and essential resources. It’s not exactly beautiful, would you say? We can assure a greener and brighter future for all organisms on this beautiful blue planet by addressing sustainability concerns.
Sustainability is fundamental to striking a balance between current necessities and the conservation of resources for future generations; it is comparable to reserving a delicacy for later consumption Hajek, P.,et.al;(2023). In order to assure the availability of vital resources such as potable water and fresh oxygen for a greener and brighter future for all life on Earth Finlay, E. (2023) , it is critical to address sustainability. By adopting sustainable practices, it is possible to reduce the negative impacts of overconsumption, pollution, and unplanned land uses. This will protect ecological processes and biodiversity, which are vital for the welfare of present and future generations L. E. (2022) . In order to address the contemporary societal challenges and progress towards a sustainable future that integrates economic, social, and environmental dimensions, it is critical to embrace an interdisciplinary framework Griep, Y.,et.al(2023).
Comparative Analysis of The SDGS Of Developed, Emergent, and Developing Nations.
Developed nations exhibit superior performance in relation to a multitude of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly regarding sectors such as healthcare, education, and infrastructure. Although emerging economies generally demonstrate advancements in specific SDGs, they encounter obstacles in attaining complete alignment owing to variables such as institutional capacity and income inequality. Due to socio-economic disparities, limited resources, and inadequate infrastructure, developing nations frequently lag in the achievement of the SDGs, especially in the areas of healthcare, education, and the eradication of poverty. In accordance with SDGs 7, 13, and 15, developed nations typically possess greater financial and technological resources to engage in renewable energy, environmental protection, and climate action.
Emerging economies frequently prioritize industrialization and economic expansion, thereby making contributions to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) associated with respectable work and economic growth (SDG 8). However, they might encounter challenges in achieving environmental sustainability and addressing inequality (SDGs 10 and 12). Developing nations place fundamental necessities above all else, including sanitation, clean water, and food security, to achieve SDGs 1, 2, and 6. However, they might encounter obstacles because of inadequate infrastructure and financial resources. Gender equality (SDG 5) is predominantly achieved by developed nations, whose policies advance women’s empowerment and ensure equal access to education and employment.
While emerging economies strive for inclusive growth and gender equality, certain inequalities continue to endure, most notably in regards to educational opportunities and participation in decision-making processes. Developing nations frequently contend with gender inequalities, necessitating concerted endeavors to enhance female and child access to economic opportunities, healthcare, and education. International cooperation and sustainable development partnerships are indispensable for all nations to attain the SDGs by 2030, notwithstanding the fact that progress varies.
Practices of Sustainability in Developed Nations, the strategies employed by prominent entities in the developed world to promote environmental sustainability.
Green Transportation and Energy Initiatives
In fact, developed countries are adopting green energy and transport initiatives to mitigate detrimental emissions and combat climate change. Kish, R. (2023). Efforts to transition to widespread adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) using renewable energy sources and energy recovery systems Khurshid, A.,et.al; (2023).& Rigogiannis, N.,et.al (2023). the implementation of green hydrogen in transportation systems Benetti, M. A., & Iov, F. (2023)., and the production of green methanol via the reaction of CO2 and H2 [5] are among the initiatives in question. The endeavours are designed to decrease petroleum usage, mitigate greenhouse gas emissions, and transition towards transportation alternatives that are more ecologically sustainable. Developed countries demonstrate their dedication to sustainable practices in the energy and transportation sectors through their emphasis on electrified vehicles, renewable energy sources, and innovative technologies. Regarding energy and transportation, developed nations are unanimously on board the green train, which includes electrified vehicles and wind farms. Choo-choo, indeed!
Regulations and Policies Regarding Environmental Protection
Although there are countless regulations, these are necessary to safeguard the environment in developed countries. It is as if one were raising a rigorous parent on Mother Nature.
Renewable Energy Adoption:
Developed Countries In 2020, developed countries had 64% of worldwide renewable energy capacity, according to IRENA. The World Bank reports that developing countries’ renewable energy capacity has expanded by almost 200% since 2000, with investments exceeding $150 billion in 2019. Emerging Countries, Bloomberg NEF’s Global Trends in Renewable Energy Investment report says emerging markets invested $150 billion in renewable energy in 2020, up 9% from 2019.
Initiatives for Circular Economy in Developed Countries: By 2030, industrialized countries’ circular economy projects might yield $4.5 trillion in economic benefits, according to the Ellen MacArthur Foundation. The World Economic Forum estimates that circular economy projects might produce 2 million jobs in underdeveloped nations by 2030, mainly in recycling and waste management. Emerging Countries UNIDO reports that circular economy techniques can cut material consumption by 28% in emerging countries, conserving resources.
The International Energy Agency (IEA) forecasts that electric car sales in industrialized countries reached over 3 million units in 2020, accounting for over 70% of global sales. Investments in sustainable public transportation systems in developing nations could reduce urban transport emissions by 30%, according to the International Transport Forum.
To solve urban mobility issues, emerging economies are investing over $300 billion in sustainable transport infrastructure, including electric buses and bike-sharing programmes, according to the World Bank. According to the Climate Policy Initiative, developed countries allocated over $500 billion in climate money in 2020, with a large chunk going towards mitigation activities. According to the Global Commission on Adaptation, developing nations invest $140 billion in climate adaptation measures like resilient infrastructure and agriculture. Emerging nations, as of 2020, approximately 60 nations and 30 sub-national jurisdictions have adopted carbon pricing instruments, according to the IFC.
Sustainable Agriculture: Developed nations: Organic agricultural land in developed nations increased by 3% to 53.8 million hectares in 2020, according to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). Poor nations, The CGIAR believes that sustainable agricultural methods might boost crop yields by 30% in poor nations, improving food security and poverty. Emerging Countries, over 400 million hectares of agricultural land in emerging countries have been managed sustainably, enhancing soil fertility and water management, according to IFAD. These data show how developed, developing, and growing countries are adopting renewable energy, circular economy, green transportation, climate change mitigation, and sustainable agriculture. For further sustainability development trend statistics and analysis, consult World Bank, UN, and International Energy Agency studies.
Issues of Sustainability in Developing Countries
When examining the problems and potential for advancement in sustainability, various interconnected themes become apparent, shedding light on the obstacles faced by developing nations. Waste Management and Pollution Control Challenges: Developing nations battle with handling enormous volumes of trash and regulating air pollution, representing a continual challenge for environmental stewardship. These issues underline the essential need for comprehensive waste management systems and pollution control measures.
Sanitation and Access to Clean Water: Inadequate sanitation and inadequate access to clean water pose severe health hazards in many underdeveloped countries. Addressing these concerns needs major investment in water and sanitation infrastructure to guarantee that communities have access to clean and reliable water sources. Initiatives for Sustainability in Emerging Economies: Despite confronting challenges, developing economic powerhouses are increasingly embracing sustainable measures. This includes the installation of renewable energy sources like solar and wind power, which not only reduce reliance on fossil fuels but also pave the path for a better future.
Technological Advancements Promoting Sustainability: Technology, particularly Big Data and Artificial Intelligence, plays a significant role in encouraging sustainability by maximizing resource utilization, minimizing waste, and facilitating intelligent decision-making. Clean technologies, particularly renewable energy sources, are crucial in eliminating pollution and fostering sustainable development. Case Studies and Insights from Sustainable Practices: Examining successful sustainability efforts offers useful insights into effective methods and best practices. From local efforts to global alliances, these examples demonstrate that innovative ideas and teamwork can generate substantial progress towards a more sustainable future.
Global Cooperation and Partnerships: Achieving global sustainability goals needs collective action and cooperation at both national and international levels. Partnerships between governments, multinational corporations, and other stakeholders are vital for organizing resources and expertise to handle environmental concerns successfully. Role of Multinational Corporations: While sometimes criticized, multinational firms may play a vital role in supporting sustainability through environmentally friendly activities, investment in clean technologies, and advocacy for green policy. Supporting these projects can contribute to a more sustainable and resilient world.
In conclusion, the combination of technical developments, sustainable practices, and global cooperation gives potential for governments to address environmental concerns while supporting economic progress. By prioritizing sustainability in policies and practices, countries may work together to establish a more sustainable future for generations to come.
References
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- Bambam, A. K., & Gajrani, K. K. (2023). Challenges in achieving sustainability during manufacturing. In Sustainable Materials and Manufacturing Technologies (pp. 108-124). CRC Press.
- Biswas, W.K. and John, M. (2022). Sustainability Challenges. In Engineering for Sustainable Development (eds W.K. Biswas and M. John). https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119721079.ch1
- Kish, R. (2023). Are electric vehicles really green? Economic Affairs, 43(2), 275–286. https://doi.org/10.1111/ecaf.12582
- Khurshid, A., Khan, K., Chen, Y., & Cifuentes-Faura, J. (2023). Do green transport and mitigation technologies drive OECD countries to sustainable path?. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 118, 103669.
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- Griep, Y., Kraak, J. M., & Beekman, E. M. (2023). Sustainability is Dead, Long Live Sustainability! Paving the Way to Include ‘The People’ in Sustainability. Group & Organization Management, 48(3), 966980. https://doi.org/10.1177/10596011221127107
The opinions expressed in this article are those of the author (s). They do not purport to reflect the opinions or views of the Jindal Centre for the Global South or its members.
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